List of Accepted Papers
Following is the list of accepted NER 2025 papers, sorted by paper title. You can use the search feature of your web browser to find your paper number. Notifications to all authors have also been sent by email. If you have not received your notification of the results by email, please contact us at ner2025@cmsworkshops.com.
| Paper Number | Paper Title |
|---|---|
| 1759 | A Closed-Loop Real-Time EEG Framework with Adaptive Denoising and Online Learning for Emotion Classification |
| 1567 | A Computational Framework to Advance the Mechanistic Understanding of Subcallosal Cingulate Deep Brain Stimulation |
| 1676 | A Cross-Species Foundation Model for Biosignals: A Domain-Adversarial Framework for Objective Pain Assessment in Canines |
| 1339 | A Data-Driven Surrogate Model for Spatiotemporal Prediction of Neural Responses to Electrical Stimulation |
| 1014 | A Dual-branch Attention ODE Graph Convolutional Network based on EEG for Assessing Subjective VR Motion Sickness |
| 1133 | A Framework to Analyze Cervical Spinal Cord Potentials in Sensor and Source Space |
| 1611 | A GUI Application to Evaluate Neural Variability from Medtronic Percept DBS Recordings |
| 1758 | A High-Density Tactile Arena for Neuroengineering Research: Continuous Gait Tracking in Freely Behaving Rodents |
| 1189 | A Low-Cost, Open-Source Wireless Platform for Real-Time Tremor Monitoring in Parkinson's Disease |
| 1322 | A Method for Investigating the Role of Kinesthesia During Reaching in the Presence of Flexion Synergy Post-Hemiparetic Stroke |
| 1187 | A Miniature Wireless Device for Closed-Loop Auditory Sleep Modulation |
| 1627 | A MRI-Compatible Carbon based Fiber Neural Interface for Multimodal Electrophysiological and Neurochemical Sensing |
| 1719 | A nonlinear dynamical model for optimal control of neural activity |
| 1410 | A Novel Autoencoder-Based Framework for Extracting Latent Motor Unit Modes from EMG Signals |
| 1290 | A Novel Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) System for Motor Rehabilitation in a Severely Impaired Chronic Stroke Participant |
| 1696 | A Physics-Embedded Recurrent Neural-Network Model to Predict the Gait of Persons with Multiple-Sclerosis |
| 1183 | A Programmable System for Concurrent Neural Stimulation and Recording with Artifact Mitigation |
| 1772 | A Real-Time Closed-Loop EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interface for Robotic Arm Control via Motor Imagery |
| 1320 | A Real-Time Optimization-Based Approach to Phase-Specific Triggering during Transcranial Current Stimulation |
| 1221 | A Real-time Platform for Detection of Hypoxic Burst Dynamics in EEG using BCI2000 |
| 1105 | A Two-Feature Quantitative EEG Index of Pediatric Epilepsy Severity: External Pre-Validation on CHB-MIT and Roadmap to Dravet Cohorts |
| 1561 | A Video-Based Framework for Corrective Feedback and Automatic Assessment for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Survivors |
| 1375 | Accelerating Neuromorphic Deep Brain Stimulation Optimization through Knowledge Distillation and Enforced Sparsity |
| 1529 | Activation of Auricular Muscles During Small, Graded Eye Movements: Implications for Human-Machine Interfaces |
| 1825 | Acute and Medium-Term Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation and Physical Therapy on Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Function in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury |
| 1148 | Adaptive Dual Control for Robust and Scalable Functional Training of Prosthesis |
| 1305 | Adhesion Promotion for Non-Hermetic Encapsulations of Implantable Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards |
| 1727 | Advanced Bioelectronic Interfaces of Magnetically Engineered Neural Networks |
| 1263 | Aerosol-Jet Printed Electrodes for Neural Recording In Vivo Toward Integration with Imaging Tools |
| 1307 | All-Inkjet-Printed Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) Array for Electrophysiological Monitoring |
| 1406 | An AI Framework for Microanastomosis Motion Assessment |
| 1663 | An Electrical Stimulation Platform for in vitro Characterization of Biohybrid Constructs |
| 1441 | An Event-Level Approach to Classifying Epileptic and Psychogenic Seizures with Wearable Sensors |
| 1589 | An Experimental System to Investigate Error-Related Potentials Induced by Lower-Limb Calibration Errors in Virtual Reality |
| 1121 | An Open Library of Polymer Microelectrode Arrays for Multi-region Recording in Rodent Hippocampus |
| 1228 | An Open-Source Solution for Prolonged Neural Streaming from Bidirectional Deep Brain Stimulation Devices |
| 1660 | Analysis of Discrepancies in Temporal Interference Stimulation for Noninvasive Neural Stimulation Using Phantom and Simulation |
| 1789 | Analysis of Spatial Synchrony and Alternative Phase Retrieval Methods Using Phase Locking Value |
| 1266 | Artifact Identification and Mitigation Strategies for Longitudinal Neural Data Collection Onboard the Medtronic Percept DBS Device |
| 1735 | Assessing Accuracy of DBS Computational Models in Parkinson’s Disease Using Cortical and Motor Evoked Potentials |
| 1679 | Assessing Acute Effect of a Self-Corrective Exercise in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis via Electromyography |
| 1545 | Assessing Anesthetic Emergence in Piglets via Diffuse Optical Sensors |
| 1219 | Assessment of neurocognitive processes during action sequence execution under varying demand |
| 1109 | Asynchronous EEG-to-fMRI Translation Using Multi-dimensional Feature Mapping in Stroke |
| 1372 | AttenPCA-Net: A Multi-Attention Deep Learning Framework with Spatial EEG Representation for P300 Spellers Enhancement |
| 1269 | Augmenting Mobility: A Practical Evaluation of AR-Integrated SSVEP-based Wheelchair Control |
| 1154 | Automated Sleep-Deviation-Triggered Ecological Momentary Assessments for Contextualizing Real-World Neural and Behavioral Data in OCD DBS |
| 1272 | Awakenings can Reliably be Forecast in Patients with Parkinson's Disease |
| 1773 | Axon Curvature Affects DBS Activation Thresholds for Increasingly Realistic Axon Models |
| 1261 | Bayesian Classification With and Without Temporal History for Estimating Parkinsonian Symptom State for Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation |
| 1470 | BiND: A Bimanual Neural Discriminator–Decoder for Accurate Two-Hand Trajectory Prediction in Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| 1537 | Biological Multiplexing |
| 1797 | Brain Connectivity Differences in Stressed vs. Non-Stressed Young Adults in Academic Environments |
| 1439 | Brain Organoids, Lessons from Fetal Neocortex Formation, and Rational Design for Quality Control |
| 1397 | BrainMAP: Multimodal Graph Learning For Efficient Brain Disease Localization |
| 1641 | BraiNN: JAX‑Accelerated Neural Mass Modeling of Brain Network Dynamics for Rapid, EEG‑Informed Personalization |
| 1268 | Calcium Transient Kinetics of Vagal Sensory Neuron Responses to Inflammatory Cytokines |
| 1802 | Can a Powered Ankle-Foot Orthosis Replace Passive Orthoses In Stroke Survivors? |
| 1069 | Categorization of Electrode-Level Signal from Utah Arrays Implanted in Premotor and Primary Motor Cortices: A Case Study |
| 1762 | Cell Type Identification in the Primate Retina using Compressive Extracellular Recordings |
| 1579 | Centimani: A Precision Robotic System for Minimally Invasive, Large-Scale, Parallel Implantation of Flexible Neural Probes |
| 1821 | Cerebro-Pulmonary Coupling in Trained Athletes During Repeated Breath-Holds and Recovery: A Controlled Human Hypoxia Model |
| 1682 | Changes in Phase Lag Index Due to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder |
| 1185 | Characterization of Data-driven ECoG Filters for Speech and Hand Motor Decoding in an ALS Patient |
| 1492 | Characterization of Focal Cortical Dysplasia on T2/FLAIR MRI using Third-Order Correlation |
| 1233 | Characterization of Micromagnetic Stimulation Parameters in a Bullfrog Sciatic Nerve Model |
| 1404 | Characterization of Periodic and Aperiodic Activity of Single-Channel in-Ear Electroencephalography |
| 1216 | Charge-Injection Comparison of SIROF-Coated Utah Electrode Arrays Across Stimulation Polarities, Configurations, and Patterns |
| 1100 | Chronic 40 Hz Light Flicker Induces Cortical LTP-Like Plasticity and Gamma Oscillations Replay |
| 1335 | Classification of same hand motor imagery using Riemannian Geometry and Recurrent Neural Network |
| 1716 | Classifying Symmetric and Asymmetric Bimanual Object Manipulation from EEG Signals |
| 1202 | Closed-Loop Control of Transcutaneous Direct Current Nerve Block May Produce Prolonged Partial Nerve Conduction |
| 1505 | Closed-Loop Optimisation for Multichannel Cuff Stimulation in Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces |
| 1737 | Cognitive Load and Learning Effects During N-Back Task: A multimodal EEG-fNIRS Study |
| 1730 | Comparative Evaluation of Locally Delivered Carbamazepine and Levetiracetam for Focal Seizure Suppression in a Rat Model: Toward a Closed-Loop Neural Interface |
| 1809 | Comparing Amplitude Resolution of Ultra-Microelectrodes |
| 1136 | Computational Modeling of Dendritic-Somatic Interactions Driven by Electric Field Polarization in Pyramidal Neurons |
| 1394 | Computational Modeling of Planar Epileptic Waves Under Ephaptic Coupling for Closed-Loop Stimulation |
| 1666 | Computational Simulation of Electrical Temporal Interference Stimulation of a Myelinated and Unmyelinated Neurons |
| 1338 | Conductive Elastomer Induction Coils for Wireless Fully Polymeric Bioelectronics |
| 1294 | Consistency Analyses of Open-source Software for Motor Unit Decomposition Using High-density Electromyography |
| 1709 | Continuous Phase Estimation to Synchronize Assistive Technology with Poststroke Gait |
| 1708 | Continuous Video Recording and Synchronization for Multimodal Human Neurobehavioral Experiments |
| 1677 | Conversion of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Data to Shared Near Infrared File Format (SNIRF) Standard |
| 1223 | Cortical dynamics underlying team performance in human-robot collaborative work under varying task demand |
| 1188 | Corticomuscular Connectivity and Brain Reorganization Post-Stroke |
| 1411 | Cost-Effective Open-Source Neuroprosthetic Arm with Modular Design and Environmental Haptic Feedback |
| 1270 | Cross-Condition Analysis of an SSVEP-Based Biometric Authentication System |
| 1592 | Cross-Domain Translation of Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using Discovery Generative Adversarial Network with Long Short-Term Memory |
| 1798 | Cross-Subject Eye Movement Regression from Generic Foam Ear-EOG |
| 1483 | Daily Seizure-Risk Forecasting with Multiday-Cycles and Wearable Physiology |
| 1285 | Data augmentation for gape cycle type detection and classifications and topological exploration of low dimensional manifolds of primary motor cortex during feeding behavior |
| 1246 | Data Normalization Strategies for EEG Deep Learning |
| 1152 | Data-Driven Hyperparameter Tuning of High-Frequency Oscillation Detection for Seizure-Onset Zone Localization |
| 1131 | DE-3DGAN: A Differential Entropy-Driven 3D Generative Framework for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition |
| 1426 | Decoding Absolute Auditory Attention from EEG Signals Using Parameterized Power Spectra |
| 1201 | Decoding Cognitive Flexibility with EEG in Individuals with Depression and Suicide Attempts |
| 1601 | Decoding the Pain Signature: A Hierarchical Framework for Personalized DBS |
| 1371 | Decoding Turn-Taking State Transitions in Conversational Speech from Motor Cortex Ensemble Activity |
| 1442 | Decomposing Behavior-irrelevant Neural Latent States via Transformer-based VAE with Total Correlation Regularization |
| 1812 | Deprethensio: A Novel Brain-Computer Interface Approach |
| 1306 | DeriModNet: A Derivative-Aware Modulation Network for fNIRS-Based Pain Assessment |
| 1208 | Designing a Data Collection Infrastructure: Challenges and Solutions in Recording-Enabled DBS Research for Psychiatric Disorders |
| 1555 | Designing the Bump: Unified Rules for the Design of Neural Attractor Models Across Species and Functionality |
| 1162 | Detection of an Epileptic Seizure Biomarker on the Vagus Nerve for Closed-Loop Neuromodulation |
| 1066 | Developing a Distributed Kinematic and Neural Deep Brain Stimulation Hybrid Controller for Parkinson’s Disease |
| 1578 | Development and Evaluation of ECoG WIMAGINE Neuroprosthesis aiming at Home-Use BCIs |
| 1548 | Development of a Computational Pipeline for Quantifying Neuromotor Correlations in Parkinson’s Disease |
| 1642 | Development of a Multiuser VR Live Concert System Based on Electroencephalogram and Photoplethysmogram Feedback |
| 1098 | Development of an EEG-based impulsivity severity estimation system in children with ADHD |
| 1343 | Development of Auxetic-Patterned Electrode Array for Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces |
| 1658 | Development of bladder neural interface for bladder neuromodulation |
| 1357 | Differential Tissue Coupled Powering for Injectable Electroceuticals |
| 1281 | Direct Current and Pulsatile Stimulation of the Vestibular System using Chronically Implanted Ionic Conduits in a Nonhuman Primate |
| 1824 | Dual-task walking alters cortico-basal ganglia dynamics and gait performance in Parkinson’s disease |
| 1435 | Dynamic Relationship Between Brain And Cardiovascular Signals In Sleep Apnea: A Granger Causality Approach |
| 1229 | Earable Platform with Integrated Simultaneous EEG Sensing and Auditory Stimulation |
| 1203 | Early Assessment of Artificial Lower Extremity Sensory Response Times and Proprioceptive Acuity via Sensory Cortex Electrical Stimulation |
| 1597 | Early detection of critical transitions in intracranial epileptic EEG |
| 1781 | Early Prediction of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy Using Intracranial ECoG and Temporal EEG Feature Modeling |
| 1304 | eCoTran: Pain Detection from fNIRS Signals Using an Efficient Convolutional Transformer for Embedded Systems |
| 1213 | EEG Blink Artifacts Can Identify Read Music in Listening and Imagery |
| 1225 | EEG Foundation Models for BCI Learn Diverse Features of Electrophysiology |
| 1644 | EEG Motor Imaginary Reflecting Imagined Swallowing with Different Water Volumes |
| 1836 | EEG Neural Dynamics in Oddball Task with Polarity-Considered Microstates Labeling |
| 1649 | EEG Source Imaging of Covert Articulation Using a Template Brain |
| 1209 | EEG-Based Auditory BCI for Communication in a Completely Locked-In Patient Using Volitional Frequency Band Modulation |
| 1593 | EEG-Based Comparison of Motor Execution in Virtual and Real Environments: Toward Multimodal Modeling with Fitts’ Law |
| 1791 | EEG-Based Hybrid Feature System for Early Differentiation of FTD, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Healthy Subjects |
| 1754 | EEG-Based Multi-Class Diagnostics for Bipolar Disorder Using a CNN–SVM Hybrid Model |
| 1277 | EEG-GPT: Exploring Capabilities of Large Language Models for EEG Classification and Interpretation |
| 1828 | EEG-to-ECoG Transfer Learning for Enhanced Seizure Detection |
| 1837 | Effect of neurofeedback on sensorimotor rhythm modulation in stroke survivors |
| 1444 | Efficient Many-to-Many MRI Modality Translation via a Latent-Conditioned Vector-Quantized Network |
| 1665 | Electric Field Temporal Interference Stimulation of Neurons in Vitro |
| 1514 | Electrical Impedance Tomography of Functional Activity in the Mouse Retina: Simulations and Preliminary Experimental Results |
| 1612 | Electrodes to Simultaneously Assess ECoGs and Tissue Oxygenation using MR Imaging |
| 1311 | Electrooculography Based Eye Movement Classification for Computer Cursor Control |
| 1173 | Electrophysiological Alteration in Duplication 15q hiPSCs-Derived In Vitro Model |
| 1102 | Electrophysiological Phantom for Ear-EEG Technology |
| 1783 | Eliciting the Overview Effect in VR: Cardiac Correlates and Audio-Visual Feature Sensitivity |
| 1655 | Engineered Cortical Microcircuits for Disease Modeling |
| 1584 | Engineering Covalent Neural Interfaces for Genetic Selectivity and Long-Term Stability |
| 1332 | Enhanced EEG-based Tracking of DMN Activity using ICA and EEG Source Localization for a VR Psychedelic Environment |
| 1661 | Enhanced Source Localization Accuracy Through Stereotactic EEG with Bidirectional Deep Brain Stimulation |
| 1264 | Enhancing Typing Speed in LLM-based P300 Speller BCIs Using A New Data-Driven Dynamic Stopping Strategy |
| 1681 | Entrainment of Cerebellar Nuclear Activity via Transcranial AC Stimulation of the Cerebellum in Awake and Anesthetized Animals |
| 1331 | Estimating Neural Representations Underlying Behaviors via Point Process Filtering in Brain-machine Interface Task Learning |
| 1803 | Evaluating Residual Limb Function in Ewing Amputees: Insights From Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Analysis |
| 1784 | Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Deep Learning-based Automated Interictal Epileptiform Discharge Detection from EEG in Psychiatric Settings |
| 1630 | Evaluating wrist-worn vibrotactile feedback for directional guidance in users with visual impairment |
| 1030 | Evaluation of a Novel Endovascular Electrode Array for Long-Term Cortical Recording and Stimulation |
| 1710 | Evaluation of Nerve and Implanted Device Function with Chronic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve |
| 1684 | Evoked Hemodynamic Response Estimation in fNIRS Using a Parametric Model |
| 1640 | Expanding the Scope of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring with Nerve-Specific Stimulatory Waveform Design |
| 1440 | Expedited Deep Reinforcement Learning for Muscle Activation Control of Musculoskeletal Models with Knowledge Transfer Across Motor Tasks |
| 1842 | Exploring Graphitization of Acrylic and Thermoplastic Polymers through New UV Photolithography Approaches |
| 1354 | Exploring High-Density DOT for Three-dimensional Imaging of Mental State using CNN and Transformer Models |
| 1423 | Exploring Reach and Grasp Task Aftereffect in Resting-State EEG |
| 1667 | Exploring Subthreshold Vibrotactile Stimulation for Enhancing Fine Manipulation and Sensorimotor Integration After Stroke |
| 1715 | Extended Home and Community Deployment of a Lower-Limb Sensory Neuroprosthesis: A Case Series Study |
| 1284 | Extracting Interpretable Features from EEG signals through Attention and Sparse Autoencoders |
| 1648 | Extraction of EEG Features Reflecting Positions of Visual Stimuli Using EEG Source Imaging based on a Standard Brain Model |
| 1704 | Feasibility of a Virtual Reality Differential-Drive Cycling System for Lower Limb Motor Learning |
| 1635 | Feasibility of Capacitive-Coupled Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: A Simulation Study with Realistic Human Head Model |
| 1638 | FEASIBILITY OF IN-EAR EEG SYSTEM FOR PRACTICAL BCI APPLICATIONS |
| 1443 | Feasibility of Upper Limb Motor Imagery BCI Control While Walking |
| 1753 | FIBER: EEG Signal Classification System for Fibromyalgia-Associated Neural Patterns Using Quantum-Enhanced Processing |
| 1092 | Finger Force Prediction from Spinal Signals: Machine Learning Pipeline for the Neural Drive |
| 1743 | First-in-human vestibular implant trial update: Perceptual and eye movement responses to initial device activation |
| 1623 | Flexible multielectrode array for multimodal evaluation of cortical organoids in vitro |
| 1227 | Flexible, Real-Time Sensorized Grooved Pegboard Test Platform for Closed-Loop Neuromodulation |
| 1347 | fNIRS-Based Classification of Parkinson's Disease During Standing Balance Tasks |
| 1249 | Focused Ultrasound Stimulation of the Cerebellar Nuclei Alters the Propagation Times in the Cerebello-Thalamic Pathway |
| 1701 | Frequency Response of Impedance Changes in the Rat Brain During Evoked Activity |
| 1317 | From Gaze to Touch: An Intracranial sEEG Bidirectional BCI for Avatar Control and Neurohaptic Feedback in Virtual Reality |
| 1025 | From Theory to Application: Fine-Tuning Large EEG Model with Real-World Stress Data |
| 1693 | Frontal EEG Spectral Power as Indices of Cognitive Workload for Challenge-Point Adaptive Rehabilitation |
| 1485 | Functionalized Adhesive Thin Flexible Electrode Arrays for Large-Scale Unobtrusive Ambulatory Monitoring of Neuromuscular Activity |
| 1675 | Further Development, Preclinical Testing, and Path to Human Use for the NeuralGlider Insertion System- Placement of Neural Implants with Lower Force and Less Damage can Lead to Better Clinical Outcomes |
| 1689 | Gait Sensory Afferent Activity Recorded by Y-shaped Regenerative Ultrathin Microelectrode Arrays |
| 1326 | Gait Speed Can Be Predicted Accurately from Minimally Processed High-density Electroencephalography Signals |
| 1678 | Gamified Real-Time sEMG Brain-Machine Interface |
| 1620 | Gamma and Delta Power Changes Reflect Mind-Wandering Stages |
| 1731 | Generalizable Automated Optimization Pipeline for Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation Parameter Selection in Parkinson’s Disease |
| 1199 | Getting More from Less- Transfer Learning Improves Sleep Stage Decoding Accuracy in Peripheral Wearable Devices |
| 1615 | Group averaged β/α Ratio for Detecting Concentration |
| 1780 | Hands-Free Vibrotactile Metronome Headband using Wearable EOG Dry-Electrodes |
| 1182 | Heartbeat-Evoked Potentials as a Biomarker of Neurological Recovery After CA in Rodents |
| 1733 | High-Density Recordings Reveal Stimuli-Specific Encoding in the Spinal Cord Neurons |
| 1532 | High-Density Surface Electromyography Evaluation of Muscle Fatigue Using Real-Time Report |
| 1325 | High-Density, Customizable Interconnect Integration on Cylindrical Neural Depth Arrays via Aerosol Jet Printing |
| 1432 | High-Dimensional Information Transfer from the Spinal Cord to the Brain using Spinal Cord Stimulation |
| 1429 | High-Gamma Electrocorticography Activity Represents Perceived Vibration Intensity in Human Somatosensory Cortex |
| 1498 | High-precision and multi-point brain stimulation using multiple temporally interfering electric fields |
| 1421 | Identification of Optical H-reflex Activation Using Optogenetic Tibial Nerve Stimulation |
| 1240 | Identifying Neural Biomarkers of Risk-Taking from Intracranial EEG Recordings |
| 1634 | Imbalance-Aware Deep Learning for N1-Focused Sleep Staging |
| 1736 | Impact of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation on Upper-Lower Limb Coordination in Parkinson’s Disease: A Kinematic Analysis |
| 1123 | Impact of Template and Electrode Configuration on EEG Microstate Analysis in Disorders of Consciousness |
| 1308 | Implant Trajectory Optimization Methods |
| 1113 | Improved Intracortical Insertion Mechanics via Staggered Microelectrode Shank Design |
| 1417 | Improving Far-Field Spike Detection via Coupled Nonlinear Pre-Emphasis in HD-MEAs |
| 1118 | IMU-Enhanced EEG Motion Artifact Removal with Fine-Tuned Large Brain Models |
| 1084 | In Vitro Assessment of Smooth Glassy Carbon as a Neural Stimulation Electrode |
| 1574 | In Vivo Evaluation of Wrap Around Electrode Capable of Region-Specific Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation |
| 1062 | Increased Involuntary Motor Threshold Stimulation in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy |
| 1316 | Inference of Electrical Neural Stimulation Sensitivity from Recorded Spiking Activity using Artificial Neural Networks |
| 1163 | Influence of Electrical Double Layer and Amplifier Impedance on Intracortical Neural Signals |
| 1176 | Influence of Selectivity Metric Choice on Motor Restoration with Neural Electrical Stimulation |
| 1618 | Inkjet-printable Bioelectronics for Dynamic Neural Tissues |
| 1674 | Inkjet-printed Calcium Selective OECT for Early Detection of Neuropathy in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| 1651 | Inkjet-Printed, Bioresorbable Electrocorticography (ECoG) Array for Mapping Epileptiform Activity |
| 1446 | In-Silico Exploration of Spatial Interference Between Nerve Cuff Electrodes |
| 1214 | Integrating Spatial-Temporal Channel Reliability with AI for Robust High-Frequency Oscillation Detection in Intracranial EEG |
| 1445 | Integration and Long-Term Use of the CorTec-BCI2000 Platform in an In Vivo Canine Model |
| 1568 | Integration of Electrical Stimulation and dMRI to estimate Axon Diameter Distributions in Human Brain |
| 1699 | Integration of High-Channel-Count Bioelectronic Interfaces using Bare-Die CMOS Chips on Thin-Film Electrode Arrays |
| 1765 | Interlimb Generalization of EEG Motor Intent Decoding in a Functional Task |
| 1770 | Investigating Gait Event Detection using the Common Mode Follower Noise Signal in an EEG System |
| 1698 | Investigating the Viability of Using Corticomuscular Coherence for Clinical Applications |
| 1139 | Investigation of Novel SBF-Automata Architecture for Periodicity Finding Solutions at Edge Systems |
| 1587 | Investigation of Tactile and Thermal Phantom Hand Maps for Restoring Multimodal Sensations in Upper-limb Amputees |
| 1535 | Investigation of the Vibration Behavior of Uncoated and Silicone Coated PMUTs Used for Energy Transmission of Deep Seated Active Neural Implants in Body-like Conditions |
| 1022 | In-Vivo Assessment of Muscle Fatigue in Rats Using Sinusoidal Low Frequency Alternating Currents |
| 1365 | In-Vivo Validation of a High-Performance, Versatile and Bidirectional Neurostimulation System. |
| 1610 | Ionic Direct Current Enables Sub-Millimeter, Millisecond-Scale, Bidirectional Modulation of Cortical Gain |
| 1603 | Kilohertz-rate neural trace extraction with rolling shutters and diffusers |
| 1745 | Latent Decomposition of EEG Response to Pathway-Specific Stimulation of Subcallosal White Matter |
| 1713 | Linking Pre-movement Subthalamic Beta Desynchronization to Motor Impairment in Parkinson's Disease |
| 1559 | Liquid Metal-based Microcoils for Magnetic Neuromodulation |
| 1081 | Listening to the Brain: A Computational Method for Modeling Ear Canal Spatial Sensitivity to Distinct Brain Sources |
| 1324 | Longest Sustained Cortical Activity Duration in Temporal Bisection Task Aligns with Geometric Mean for Log-Spaced Probes |
| 1479 | Long-Gap Nerve Repair Enabled by Biodegradable Conductive Conduits and Wireless Implantable Electroceuticals |
| 1542 | Longitudinal EMG-Based Tic Detection Using Bagged Trees |
| 1042 | Longitudinal Impedance Modeling of SIROF-Coated Ultramicroelectrode Arrays for Chronic Neural Interface Applications |
| 1588 | Longitudinal Scalp-EEG Spectral Analysis of ANT-DBS in Epilepsy |
| 1431 | Low-cost Open-Source Trigger Box for EEG recordings. |
| 1617 | Low-Cost Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation with Myoelectric Trigger: Open-Source Project on Assistive Neurotechnology |
| 1813 | Low-Cost Wearable EEG for One-Step Assessment in Rural Settings |
| 1776 | Low-Cost, Open-Source System for Transporting Acute Brain Slices While Maintaining Viability |
| 1670 | Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Reduces the Activation of Microglia at the Tissue Electrode Interface and Increases Chronic Recording Yield |
| 1650 | Low-Intensity Ultrasound for Controlled Excitation and Suppression in Rat Sciatic Nerve |
| 1608 | Machine Learning Approaches to Improve Management of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review on the Path Towards Real-Time Therapies |
| 1210 | Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Speech Arrest During Direct Cortical Stimulation Mapping |
| 1333 | Machine learning-based surrogates of musculoskeletal models to link maintained muscle activations to joint angles |
| 1355 | Machine Learning-Enhanced High Density Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Exercise Intensity Evaluation |
| 1482 | Magnetic resonance identification tags for ultraflexible electrodes |
| 1606 | Magnetoelectric Nanoparticle-based Wireless Retinal Stimulation |
| 1323 | Magnetoelectric vs. Inductive Power Delivery for Sub-cm Implantable Medical Devices: A Case Study |
| 1151 | Measure of Consciousness With Deep Brain Stimulation Perturbed EEG |
| 1769 | Method to Measure Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Wirelessly Using Remote Powering by Ultrasound |
| 1051 | Microembossing Hydrogel Meso-Circuits for Patterning Dissociated Neurons Promotes Ensemble Formation |
| 1637 | Miniaturized microscope for real-time multispectral neural imaging in freely behaving animals |
| 1310 | Minimally Invasive Closed-Loop Neuromodulation via Sub-Scalp EEG-Guided Wireless Implant Activation |
| 1273 | MiniStiMo: A Solution for Chronic, Wireless DBS in Small Animals |
| 1723 | Modeling DBS-Evoked Brain Network Dynamics Using Calcium Imaging |
| 1248 | Modeling Post-Stroke Motor Behavior from Structural Lesion Networks: A Preliminary Study with Robot-Based Assessments |
| 1453 | Modeling Task-Related Neural Correlations with a Kernel Least Square Point Process Filter |
| 1473 | Modeling the Impact of the Size and Arrangement of Electrodes on their Ability to Record Action Potentials from a Large Fraction of Myelinated Axons in the Peripheral Nerves of Limbs |
| 1135 | Modular Motor Control of the Center of Mass Kinematic Patterns during Sit-to-Stand Tasks |
| 1108 | Modulating Muscle Activation via Exoskeleton-Applied Resistive Loading During Rodent Locomotion |
| 1475 | Modulation of Genioglossus EMG Responses by Pulse Frequency, Duration and Amplitude of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation: A Pilot Study |
| 1496 | Motion Sickness Detection based on EEG Signals in Real Driving Environment for Passenger Comfort |
| 1143 | Multi-Compartment Volume Conductor with Complete Electrode Model: Simulated Stereo-EEG Source Localization using Brainstorm-Zeffiro Plugin |
| 1376 | Multidimensional Chromatic Modulation in SSVEP-Based BCIs: Effects of Hue, Saturation, and Lightness Contrasts on Neural Responses |
| 1456 | Multimodal Analysis of Acute Neurophysiological Effects of Tibetan Bön Tsa Lung Breathwork: Insights into Autonomic and Cortical Resilience Validated with Wearable Ear-EEG |
| 1570 | Multimodal neural fusion for modeling brain–behavior dynamics |
| 1103 | Multi-Modal Spectral Parametrization Method (MMSPM) For Analyzing EEG Activity With Distinct Scaling Regimes |
| 1488 | Multi-scale Computational Modeling of Temporal Interference Stimulation for Theoretical Validation and Optimization |
| 1625 | Multivariate Directed Functional Connectivity Methods for Estimation of Whole-Brain Connectivity |
| 1164 | NDX-Wearables: An NWB Extension for Clinical Neuroscience |
| 1833 | Neural and Kinematic Precursors to Falls in Parkinson's Disease: A Multimodal Wearable Sensing Study |
| 1359 | Neural chronicles of the unrestrained mind: 24/7 wireless monitoring of hippocampal dynamics in freely behaving mice |
| 1711 | Neural Data Requirements for Estimation of Dynamic Partial Directed Coherence |
| 1420 | Neural Membrane Excitations Induced by Repetitive Biphasic Current Pulses with Varying Interphase Interval and Phase Order |
| 1512 | Neuroergonomic Analysis of LLM-Assisted Industrial Workflows |
| 1508 | NeuroFilm: A Soft Substrate for Multi-Level Muscle Stimulation and EMG Recording |
| 1412 | Neuromorphic Compression of Tactile Data with Spiking Neural Networks |
| 1771 | Neuromorphic Computing for Fingertip Force Decoding from High-Density Surface EMG |
| 1518 | Neuromorphic Twins recapitulate electrophysiological signatures of in vivo cortical networks |
| 1662 | NeuroStripe: A Compact Wireless Headstage for Simultaneous Multichannel Neural Recording and Stimulation |
| 1491 | Non-genetic in vivo neuromodulation enabled by gold-nanorod photothermal stimulation and multifunctional fiber-based neural probe |
| 1673 | Non-Invasive Detection of Parkinson’s Disease Using Voice Signal Analysis and Machine Learning |
| 1702 | Non-linear Encoding of Directed Connectivity Identifies Seizure Onset Zone Localization |
| 1534 | Nonlinear Flexible Dynamical Modeling of Multisite, Multisubject Human Intracranial Neural Activity |
| 1177 | N-Shaped Waveforms for Electrochemical Detection of Serotonin with Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Exhibit Altered Responses Using Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes |
| 1746 | On the Reliability of an Abbreviated Verbal Recognition Task for Memory Assessment |
| 1178 | On the Stability of Kilosort4 Spike Sorting |
| 1680 | One-Shot Alignment for Transferable Prosthetic Control |
| 1585 | One-step versatile 3D shaping of flexible microelectronics for enhanced neural interfaces via Microelectrothermoforming (μETF) |
| 1175 | OpenNerve: An Open-Source Modular Platform for Bioelectronic Medicine |
| 1106 | OpenNIRScap: An Open-Source, Low-Cost Wearable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-based Brain Interfacing Cap |
| 1598 | Opioidergic pain relief in humans is mediated by beta and high-gamma modulation in limbic regions |
| 1636 | Optimal Electrode Configurations for Efficient Iontophoretic Drug Delivery in Brain Tumors of Varying Shapes |
| 1827 | Optimal Exoskeleton Assistance Differs Between Overground and Treadmill Walking |
| 1685 | Optimization of adaptive deep brain stimulation for Tourette Syndrome |
| 1556 | Optimizing Electrode Configuration for Retinal Ganglion Cell Stimulation Using Computational Modeling and In Vivo Two-Photon Imaging of Thy1-GCaMP6f Transgenic Rats |
| 1079 | Optimizing Tonal Speech Decoding from Electrocorticography with a Multi-band Ensemble Network |
| 1413 | Optimizing Vestibular Implant Stimulation and Electrode Arrays in a Non-Human Primate |
| 1089 | Optogenetic Modulation of Epileptiform Network States in Human Hippocampus Slices |
| 1402 | Pain Behavioral Responses to Ionic Direct Current Peripheral Nerve Stimulation |
| 1728 | Paradoxically High β-Power in the Subthalamic Nucleus During Sleep in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease |
| 1741 | Parallel Error Correction Code for High Accuracy Neural Data Processing with Bulk RRAM Crossbar Arrays |
| 1314 | Parameter-Dependent Effects of Focused Ultrasound on Retinal Ganglion Cell Excitability |
| 1563 | Parvalbumin-positive Interneuron Activation Drives Seizure Intensification and Inhibitory-Excitatory Phase Locking in an Optogenetic Kindling Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy |
| 1755 | Pavlovian Bias as a Metric of Apathy and Impulsivity during Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease |
| 1254 | Performing Bimanual Tasks with a BCI: Combining a Brain-Controlled Hand Exoskeleton with the Functional Limb |
| 1546 | Peripheral Nerve Compromise Alters Skin Neurovascular Control |
| 1706 | Personalized Medial Temporal Lobe Neuromodulation Using Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Episodic Memory Improvement |
| 1140 | Personalized-target HD-tACS Improved Memory Function for Mild Cognitive Impairment：A Preliminary Study |
| 1810 | Pilot Study of Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation in Ex Vivo Mouse Hippocampus |
| 1428 | Precision Matters: How Small Deviations in Liquid Crystal Polymer Bonding Parameters Impact Neural Implant Integrity |
| 1569 | Predicting the Spatial Origin of EEG Independent Components from their Spectral-Temporal Features |
| 1794 | Preliminary Investigation Using Minimally Processed EEG Recorded during Walking to Predict Metabolic Energy |
| 1150 | Pre-trained Transformer-models using chronic invasive electrophysiology for symptom decoding without patient-individual training |
| 1433 | Pretraining with Masked Autoencoding Improves Speech Decoding from ECoG |
| 1083 | Quantification of stress granules under dynamic calcium-induced stress using deep learning based two-step segmentation |
| 1238 | Quantitative Exploration Of Sufficient Data Quantities For EEG Decomposition Using AMICA |
| 1128 | Quaternion Rational Activations Functions |
| 1276 | Rapid and Energy-Efficient Computation of Selective Multipolar Stimulation via Least Squares Projection |
| 1732 | Real Time Imaging of Optic Nerve Degeneration with Electrical Impedance Tomography |
| 1166 | Real-life ear-EEG Recordings of Auditory Responses to Ambient Sounds |
| 1652 | Real-Time Neural State Classification Using a Flexible Array in Epilepsy |
| 1690 | Real-Time Spike Sorting with SpikeDashboard |
| 1540 | Representation Learning for Large-Scale Interpretable Emotion Decoding from 7t fMRI |
| 1117 | Research on a Functional Electrical Stimulation System Triggered by Surface Electromyography |
| 1190 | Reservoir Computing with Neural Organoids for Comparative Studies of Neurological Health |
| 1460 | Resting-state EEG Functional Connectivity Differentiates Bipolar and Unipolar Depression in Adolescents |
| 1038 | Resting-State EEG’s Influence on Ipsilateral Motor Imagery ERS Could Enhance BCI Generalizability |
| 1800 | Restoring Motor Function Using Surface Electromyography-Driven Haptic Feedback for Post-Stroke Proprioceptive Loss |
| 1049 | Restoring Shoulder Abduction in Individuals with Tetraplegia Using an Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface and a Soft Wearable Robot |
| 1645 | RGB Video Based Contactless Assessment of Effortful Listening |
| 1807 | Rhythmic Tapping as a Non-Walking Priming Tool for Gait Adaptation During Rehabilitation with Asymmetric Cues |
| 1830 | Riemannian Geometry: Speech Detection from MEG Brain Signals towards Non-Invasive BCI |
| 1820 | Risk Sensitivity in Automated Driving: A Prefrontal fNIRS Pilot Including Mild Disabilities |
| 1360 | Robust EEG Functional Connectivity Metrics for Decoding Action Observation Conditions and Observed Actions |
| 1132 | Robust fNIRS Processing for Neuroergonomics: A Multi-Metric Benchmark of Motion-Artifact Correction |
| 1191 | Robust Physiological Responses after Prolonged Ionic Direct Current Stimulation of the Chinchilla Inner Ear |
| 1138 | Rodent Hippocampal-Cortical Population Decoding and Interactions in Episodic Memory Tasks |
| 1700 | Role of Sensory and Motor Local Field Potentials in the Encoding of Time Interval During a Voluntary Motor Timing Task |
| 1019 | Rotational Freeform Stimulator for Non-Pulsatile Neuromodulation |
| 1427 | Safety, Tolerability, and Feasibility of Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (PTES) During Treadmill Walking |
| 1204 | Segmentation of clinical imagery for improved epidural stimulation to address spinal cord injury |
| 1594 | Segmenting Individual Neurons with Large Arbors from Dense Clusters Using Graph Partitioning |
| 1664 | Selective Vagus Nerve Stimulator for the Treatment of Heart Failure |
| 1600 | Self-Correcting Multi-Command Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interfaces Based on Error-Related Potentials |
| 1478 | Self-expanding biodegradable electrode for cortical neural interface |
| 1274 | Self-Similar Biomarker for Identifying Epileptogenic Zone in Patients with Medically Refractory Epilepsy |
| 1242 | sEMG-Driven Robotic Prosthesis and Analysis of Muscle Activation in Transfemoral Amputees and Able-Bodied Individuals |
| 1415 | SenseMatch: Smartphone‐Based Cross‐Modal Matching for Accessible Perceptual Assessments |
| 1220 | Sensorimotor and Neuropsychological Assessments Correlate with Reach Performance After Training With Augmented Kinesthetic Feedback: A Pilot Study |
| 1253 | Sex-Specific Variability in Gene Expression Associated with Cognition and Alzheimer’s Disease Across Age and Neural Cell Types |
| 1738 | Signal-to-noise Performance of the UCL ScouseTom, Zurich MFLI Lock-in Amplifier, and Commercial Sciospec EIT Systems for Recording Fast Neural Impedance Changes |
| 1298 | Simulating Scalp EEG from Ultrahigh-Density ECoG Data Illustrates Cortex to Scalp Projection Patterns |
| 1126 | Simulation Model Characterizing Astrocytic Calcium Wave Propagation in Parkinson’s Disease |
| 1557 | Simultaneous Recording for Renal and Splenic Nerve Activity Reveals Coordinated Activity during Hypertension |
| 1647 | Single-Trial EEG Discrimination of Actions in Playing a VR dance game Using EEG Source Imaging |
| 1350 | Soft and Optically Transparent Kirigami-Based Neural Interfaces |
| 1349 | Spatial Distribution of Action Potentials in a Peripheral Nerve During Temporal Interference Stimulation |
| 1361 | Spatial Insight: How Data-Driven Regions of Interest Selection Enhances Single-Trial P300 Classification in EEG-Based BCIs |
| 1590 | Spatially Selective Endovascular Neuromodulation via Magnetic Temporal Interference |
| 1544 | Spectral Modulation of Emotional Recovery: Neurophysiological Effects of Ambient Amber Light Following Acute Social Stress |
| 1340 | Spiking Band Power Improves In-Silico Decoding of Vagus Nerve Activity from Intraneural Recordings |
| 1318 | Stability Assessment for Implanted Electrodes Using Equivalent Impedance Analysis |
| 1315 | Stability of the Default Mode Network estimated from electroencephalogram |
| 1775 | State-Dependent Neural Dynamics: Predicting Local Events from Global Brain States |
| 1169 | State-Space Modeling of Cortical Beta Waves in Parkinson’s Disease |
| 1037 | Strategies for Multi-Device Injection and Retrieval in the Brain |
| 1041 | Strength-Duration Profiles of Endovascular Cerebellar Neurostimulation |
| 1362 | Stress Biomarker and EEG Responses to tACS: A Gender-Based Study |
| 1654 | Stroke and Neural Dynamics: Exploring recovery from focal ischemic infarcts in the latent space |
| 1438 | Sub-Second Motor Imagery Classification via Functional Connectivity Graphs and SE-Transformer |
| 1672 | Superior Performance of Restorative Microneedle Muscle Interfaces for Lower Extremity Prosthetic Applications |
| 1157 | Supervised EEG-Based Vigilance State Classification in Preterm Infants |
| 1538 | Swine Pudendal Nerve Intraneural Stimulation Enables Selective Neuromodulation of Urethral and Anal External Sphincters |
| 1533 | Tank Simulation Environment for Neuroelectronic Device Testing and Algorithm Development |
| 1714 | Task-Evoked Beta Coherence Informs SVM Classification of Treatment-Resistant Depression |
| 1573 | Temporal Interference Stimulation Drives Steady State Response in Accurate Neuron Model |
| 1472 | Thalamic Spectral and Connectivity Biomarkers for Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential Tremor |
| 1222 | The Ambiguously Experimental Position of Argus II Recipients |
| 1301 | The Double-Edged Light: PBM’s Promise vs. Efficacy Risks |
| 1656 | The Effects of Video Passthrough Feature on β/α Ratio in VR |
| 1779 | The Role of Quantitative Electroencephalography in Neurocritical Care: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| 1260 | The Rubber Hand Illusion in Virtual Reality: Rendering Real-world Collisions for Real-time Embodiment |
| 1712 | The self-reported motivation of three paraplegics does not influence the performance of the BCI-FES in a seated position |
| 1659 | Thermally drawn multifunctional all-hydrogel fibers for anti-fibrotic and multimodal neural interfaces |
| 1466 | Time, Frequency, and Complexity-based Analysis of Error-Related Potentials in EEG-based Brain Machine Interfaces |
| 1688 | Tip Shaping of Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Focal and Safe Intraretinal Stimulation |
| 1501 | Tolerability of Closed-Loop DBS in Essential Tremor Patients |
| 1817 | Toward EEG-Based Image Reconstruction: Leveraging Affective Stimuli to Enhance ERP Signals |
| 1566 | Toward Improving fNIRS Classification: A Study on Activation Functions in Deep Neural Architectures |
| 1067 | Toward Lightweight and Fast Inference Neural Decoder Design using Quantization-Aware Training: A Simulation Study |
| 1777 | Towards an Understanding of Dose–Response for Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation |
| 1734 | Towards Ethical and Translational Neurotechnology: 24-Hour Nerve Conduction Study in a Perfused Ex-Vivo Porcine Limb Model |
| 1747 | Towards Mobile Device Synchronization using Cross-Platform Technologies for Neuroimaging Applications |
| 1054 | Towards Stable and Calibration-Free Motor Imagery BCIs via Graph-Based Transfer Learning |
| 1653 | Tracking Attention with SSVEPs During Cinematic Experience |
| 1096 | Tracking EEG Thalamic and Cortical Focal Brain Activity using Standardized Kalman Filtering with Kinematics Modelling |
| 1367 | Tracking Forearm Motor Units Across Constrained and Unconstrained Finger Force Control Tasks |
| 1112 | Transient Brain-wide Co-activation Patterns in Infant Electroencephalography and Their Age-related Changes |
| 1200 | Transnasal Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Deep-Brain Sensing |
| 1370 | Ultraflexible Porous Electrospun Inkjet-Printed ECoG Arrays for Epilepsy Monitoring |
| 1053 | Ultra-High Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for Treatment of Depression |
| 1500 | Ultrasound-Guided Finite-Element Modeling for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of the Forearm: A Pilot Study |
| 1626 | Unified Transformer-Based Modeling of Functional and Effective Connectivity in fNIRS Data |
| 1695 | Unsupervised Learning Framework for Switching Dynamical Systems with Spike-Field Observations |
| 1250 | Utilizing Gamma Entrainment to Probe Cognitive Function in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
| 1725 | Validating Vagus Nerve Stimulation Fiber Activity Metrics |
| 1687 | Validation of a Sleep and Seizure Classifier to Various Species and Recording Conditions |
| 1075 | VDVAE2Diffusion: Precise Image Generation from EEG through Generative Models |
| 1718 | Virtual Pet Interaction for Stress Recovery: An EEG-Based Pilot Study in Virtual Reality |
| 1757 | Visualizing Muscle Co-Contraction with “EMG Sketches” during Small Treadmill Belt Perturbations |
| 1471 | Voltage-Clamp Impedance Characterization of a Graphene-Coated 1024-Channel Neural Interface Chip |
| 1300 | VoxelFormer: Parameter-Efficient Multi-Subject Visual Decoding from fMRI |
| 1312 | WaveFormer: A Lightweight Transformer Model for sEMG-based Gesture Recognition |
| 1547 | Wavelet Coherence-Based Noise Removal in fNIRS: Methodology and Use Case Validation |
| 1760 | Wearable A-Mode Ultrasound Wristband for Gesture & Force |
| 1024 | Webcam-based Asymmetric Gait Detection Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks |
| 1740 | Weight-Bearing Sensory-Motor Neural Activity Recorded byY-shaped Regenerative Ultrathin Microelectrodes |
| 1766 | Wireless Power Transfer Study for a Subdural Distributed Spinal Cord Stimulator Array |
| 1778 | Wireless Powering of Neural Implants Using Light Weight Conformal Metasurface Slabs |
| 1012 | Wireless, Battery-Free Implant for Motor Cortex Chronic Stimulation |
| 1835 | XBrainLab: An Open-Source Software for Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Based EEG Analysis |